Mitochondria


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are small, rod-shaped organelles found in large numbers. They were first discovered by Kolliker in 1880. It is a double layered cell organelle. Each mitochondrion is bounded by two membranes: outer and inner. The outer membrane is smooth and porous, while the inner membrane is folded into finger like projections called cristae. Mitochondria possess enzymes necessary for the oxidation of carbohydrates. This process releases energy in the form of ATP. This is why mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell. Mitochondria have their own DNA and ribosomes. They can synthesize their own proteins and thus they are semiautonomous (self replicating) organelles. Space between outer and inner membrane is called intermembranous space. 

 Functions of Mitochondria :-

  • Mitochondria provide energy for the vital activities of living cells.
  • It is the site for cellular respiration and release the energy required by the cell in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) molecules.
  • Whenever the cell needs energy, ATP molecules break down generating energy to be used for metabolic activities.
  • They have their own DNA and ribosomes, hence can prepare their own proteins.
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    Sample Questions
    (More Questions for each concept available in Login)
    Question : 1

    What is the energy currency of a cell?

    Right Option : B
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    Explanation
    Question : 2

    In which organelles, chemical energy changes into utilisable energy?

    Right Option : D
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    Explanation
    Question : 3

    Which of the following organelles are semiautonomous organelle?

     

    Right Option : D
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    Explanation
     
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